ZONES OF SOIL EROSION IN INDIA It has been estimated by agricultural experts that yearly loss of soils in India due to water and wind erosions is to the tune of five billion tonnes. On the basis of major causes of soil erosion, the country has been divided into the following zones.
(i) North-eastern region (Assam, West Bengal, etc.) The main causes of soil erosion are heavy rains and floods and widespread bank-cutting.
(ii) Shiwalik ranges of the Himalayas The primary cause is destruction of vegetation. Flood in rivers due to heavy deposition of debris is another important cause. As a result of floods, sediments are deposited on fertile agricultural lands.
(iii) River banks (Yamuna, Chambal, Mahi, Sabarmati, etc.) A sizeable portion of agricultural land in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh has been transformed into ravines due to soil erosion.
(iv) Hills of South India (Nilgiris) The heavy soil erosion in the southern hills may be attributed to steep slopes, heavy rainfall and defective methods of cultivation.
(v) Arid regions of Rajasthan and South Punjab Some parts of Rajasthan and Punjab such as Kota, Bikaner, Bharatpur, Jaipur and Jodhpur are subject to soil erosion by wind action.
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